In 3000 years, European civilization went from mostly homogeneous population groups to diverse cultures coexisting together. This transformation did not happen without conflict, and as a result European boundaries were consistenly in flux and the map of Europe was frequently redefined.  Each historical period was distinctive and has a rich story to tell. These European countries changed and adapted to the economic, political and social structure of the period and contributed to the creation of the modern world.

Europe, 1595 (http://fieldguidetoconservatism.blogspot.com/2010_06_01_archive.html)

This Research Guide was originally created by Professor Emeritus Sandra Roff, previously Archivist of Baruch College.